海水的运动有多种形式,许多学生对洋流的分布与应用的学习感觉困难,其实,只要熟悉洋流的分布模式特征,就可以举一反三,掌握全球洋流的分布。洋流的形成主要受大气运动,近地面风带,不同海域海水温度、盐度差异,以及相邻海区水量差异影响。此外,还受地形及地转偏向力等因素的影响。对照全球近地面风带的分布图(见图1a),简化课本上洋流分布模式图(见图1b),可以看出:在赤道附近,盛行由赤道两侧吹向赤道的东北信风和东南信风,进而推动赤道两侧海水由东向西流动,形成赤道暖流。赤道暖流到达大洋 There are many forms of seawater movement, and many students find it difficult to learn about the distribution and application of ocean currents. In fact, as long as they are familiar with the characteristics of ocean current patterns, they can grasp the distribution of global ocean currents. The formation of ocean currents is mainly affected by the movement of the atmosphere, the windward near the surface, the seawater temperature and salinity in different sea areas, and the difference in water volume between adjacent sea areas. In addition, it is also affected by factors such as topography and geostationary forces. Comparing with the distribution of the global near-surface windband (see Figure 1a) and simplifying the pattern of ocean current distribution over the textbook (Figure 1b), we can see that near the equator, northeasterly trade winds and southeast flows from the equator to the equator The trade winds then pushed the seawater on both sides of the equator to flow from east to west, forming an equatorial current. Equatorial current reaches the ocean