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自然界里的固体大多数是晶体,晶体是物质在固态时所特有的结构。晶体的外形是构成晶体的质点(离子、原子或分子)在空间的固定点上有规则地排列的内部结构的反映。根据对称性不同可把晶体划分为七个晶系,其中三斜、单斜和斜方晶系对称性最低,属于低级晶族;正方、三方和六方晶系对称性居中,属于中级晶族;等轴晶系对称性最高,属于高级晶族。
Most of the solids in nature are crystals, which are structures specific to a substance in its solid state. The shape of a crystal is a reflection of the internal structure of the particles (ions, atoms or molecules) that make up the crystals regularly arranged at fixed points in space. According to the different symmetry, the crystals can be divided into seven crystal systems, of which the triclinic, monoclinic and orthorhombic systems have the lowest symmetry and belong to the lower class. The symmetry of the square, tripartite and hexagonal systems is intermediate and belongs to the middle class. The highest symmetry of the equiaxed crystal system belongs to the high-grade crystal family.