长期以来认为下丘脑室旁核和视上核神经元是通过垂体后叶分泌催产素和加压素对生殖和泌尿等功能进行调节的;但在雄性动物催产素有何生理意义,很长时间曾是个谜。近年来发现,室旁核等下丘脑结构还与脑干和脊髓有直接纤维联系,并以催产素和加压素为递质或调制物,完成对内脏活动的调节作用。这是一种神经调节,与内分泌调节并存。 Hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and supraoptic nucleus neurons have long been thought to regulate oxytocin and vasopressin through the posterior pituitary gland to regulate reproductive and urinary functions; however, what is the physiological significance of oxytocin in males for a long time Once a mystery. In recent years, it has been found that hypothalamic structures such as paraventricular nucleus have direct fiber connection with brain stem and spinal cord, and oxytocin and vasopressin are neurotransmitters or modulators to regulate the visceral activity. This is a neuromodulation that coexists with endocrine regulation.