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N 电子层有几种轨道?轨道数共是少?分别写出这些轨道符号。《教学参考书》所附答案为:N 电子层有 s.p.d.f 四种轨道;,轨道数共有16;轨道符号是4s,4p,4d,4f。陕西延安大学附中张丽同志认为最后一问的答案是不妥的。课本明确说明“在一定的电子层上,具有一定的形状和伸展方向的电子云所占据的空间称一个轨道”。显然,“轨道”一词包括三个方面的涵义,因此轨道符号就应该表示出三方面涵义。而4s、4p、4d、4f 不能反映出空间伸展方向的因而它不是一个完整的轨道符号。该题最后一问正确答案应该是4s、4pz、4px、4py、4dz~2、4dxz、4dyz、4dx~2-y~2、4dxy、4fz~3、4fxz~2、
There are several kinds of orbits in the N electron layer, a total of a few orbitals, and these orbit symbols are written separately. The answers attached to the “Teaching Reference Book” are: N electrons have s.p.d.f four tracks; the total number of tracks is 16; the track symbols are 4s, 4p, 4d, 4f. Comrade Zhang Li, from the middle school of Shaanxi Yan’an University, believed that the answer to the last question was wrong. The textbook clearly states that “in a certain electronic layer, the space occupied by an electronic cloud with a certain shape and direction of extension is called an orbit”. Obviously, the term “orbital” includes the meaning of three aspects, so the orbital symbol should show three meanings. However, 4s, 4p, 4d, and 4f do not reflect the direction in which the space extends, and thus it is not a complete orbital symbol. The last correct answer to this question should be 4s, 4pz, 4px, 4py, 4dz~2, 4dxz, 4dyz, 4dx~2-y~2, 4dxy, 4fz~3, 4fxz~2.