铅对神经系统的毒性作用出现最早、反应最强。本文从细胞水平和分子水平的层次阐述了铅对脑的毒理作用;综述了血铅水平对儿童的神经行为、智能发育以及听力等方面所产生不利影响的研究进展;介绍了对于轻中度铅中毒儿童的防治原则是“防重于治”。 The toxic effects of lead on the nervous system first appeared, the strongest response. In this paper, the toxicological effects of lead on the brain are described at the cellular and molecular levels. The research progress on the detrimental effects of blood lead levels on neurobehavioral, intellectual development and hearing in children is reviewed. Lead poisoning prevention and treatment of children is the principle of “prevention and cure.”