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脂肪是人体必需的营养素,除提供热(能)量外,还是构成各种组织和细胞的重要成分,例如细胞中的线粒体主要成分就是脂肪,细胞膜则是由磷脂、糖脂和胆固醇等组成的类脂层;脑的总干重中脂质约占60％;许多激素本身就是固醇类物质;还有皮下脂肪,用于调节体温、保护内脏,维持皮肤正常功能。在儿童时期和青春发育期由于生长和发育的需要,对脂肪的需要更为突出。1988年中国营养学会推荐:初生儿每日摄入的脂肪量应占摄入总热(能)量的45％,6个月前后为30％—40％,少儿期和青春发育期为25％—30％,成年以后为20％—25％。
In addition to providing heat (energy), fat is an important component of various tissues and cells. For example, the main component of mitochondria in cells is fat, and the cell membrane is composed of phospholipids, glycolipids and cholesterol Lipid layer; the total dry weight of the brain in about 60% of lipids; many hormones are sterols themselves; there are subcutaneous fat, used to regulate body temperature, protect the internal organs, maintain normal skin function. The need for fat is even more pronounced during childhood and adolescence due to growth and development needs. In 1988 the Chinese Nutrition Society recommended: the daily intake of fat in newborns should account for 45% of the total amount of heat intake, 6 months before and after 30% -40%, adolescent and puberty 25% -30%, adult 20% -25%.