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黄山八面厅是浙中地区一座清代民居,严格意义上说是一座商贾宅院,由“东阳帮”工匠按照《明鲁般营造正式》营建,历时17年告竣,是浙中地区东阳木雕发展至顶峰时期的代表作。浙中民居无论在建筑的用材、平面格局、梁架结构以及建筑的细部特征处理,特别是以木雕、砖雕、石雕著称的装饰艺术风格,在中国江南民居中居于翘楚地位。本文着重从建筑的规划选址、平面格局、选材备料与屋样设计、立体空间与功能、梁架构造、建筑外观以及建筑的装饰艺术等方面来阐述黄山八面厅的建筑风格,并从建筑艺术的角度,对其建筑等级、外观形式、梁架以及建筑的装饰艺术、色彩和工艺等方面和明清宫廷建筑作比较研究,进而厘清中国传统建筑发展史上宫廷和民居的异同等。
Huangshan Bamei Hall is a Qing Dynasty dwelling house in the middle part of Zhejiang Province. Strictly speaking, it is a commercial dwelling house built by the craftsmen of “Dongyang Gang” Wood carving to the peak of the masterpiece. No matter in the construction material, plane pattern, beam structure and architectural details processing, especially in the decorative art style known as wood carving, brick carving and stone carving, Zhezhong dwelling houses occupy the leading position in the residential buildings in the south of China. This article focuses on the construction style of Huangshan Biannou Hall from the aspects of planning location, layout, material selection and sample design, three-dimensional space and function, beam structure, building appearance and architectural decoration, From the perspective of art, this paper makes a comparative study of its architectural levels, appearances, beams and the decorative arts, colors and crafts of Ming and Qing Dynasties and court buildings in order to clarify the similarities and differences between the court and the dwellings in the history of Chinese traditional architecture.