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定语从句是高中，乃至所有英语学习阶段的必须要掌握的语法，是学习其它从句的先决条件。掌握了定语从句，我们分析句子结构的能力就会提高，从而不但语法题的得分会提高，完形、阅读理解的中出现的长难句的理解也会迎刃而解，更不用说在写作时，我们使用它能写出很多漂亮的句子来了。那对于高三学生来讲应该怎样复习定语从句呢？我想，如大家能记住如下几个注意点，考试应该不在有问题了。
定语从句的注意事项：
1.结构：先行词 关系词 句子 （先看先行词，再看从句中缺什么成分，最后确定什么关系词）。
2.关系代词 who， whom， which， that， whose， as.
关系副词 when， where， why.
注意：what ，how， whether 不引导定语从句。
3.关系代词的省略。
（1）关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时，可以省略。
1）This is the factory （which/that）your father once worked in.
2）关系代词在限定性定语从句中作表语时可以省略， 如果不省，不管先行词是人还是物，用that.
He is no longer the boy （that）he was ten years ago.
3）定语从句中如有be 动词，那就可以省略作主语的关系代词和be 动词。有时，如定语从句中的动词是个连续性动词，则关系代词省略，动词改为此动词的ing形式。
Do you know the person who is talking to your sister at the gate？
= Do you know the person __________to your sister at the gate？
4.关系代词只能用that的情况。
（1）关系代词是不定代词all， everything， anything， much， little， nothing， none， etc.
（2）先行词被the only， just the ， the very， all， any， much， few， little， no，等修饰时。
（3）先行词被序数词和形容词的最高级所修饰时。
（4）先行词既有人又有物。
（5）当主句是以who 或which 开头的特殊疑问句时（为避免重复）。
（6）从句中缺表语（不管先行词是人还是物 ）。
（7）在the way后面，有三种情况：可用that， in which或省略。
5.关系代词在从句中用作主语时，多用who 较少用that。
（1）关系代词在从句中做主语 A friend who helps you in time of need is a real friend.
（2）先行词为those ， anyone ，all， ones ， one ，people 时
Those who were either fools or unfit for their offices could not see the cloth .
（3）在There be句型中 There is a stranger who wants to see you .
（4）在被分隔的定語从句中 A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German .
（5）在有两个定语从句的句子中，其一用who，其二用that，但若先行词后接两个以上的并列定语从句时，后一个必须重复前一个关系代词。The student ____ was praised at the meeting is the monitor _____is very modest and studies very hard .
There is a teacher _______ is always ready to help others and ______ enjoys what he does .
6.关系代词as 的用法。
（1）as引导限制性定语从句。在the same——as； such——as； as——as ； so——as 结构中，表示同类异物
I have got the same dictionary __________ you have.
区别：
He is so nice a student ______ we all like him.
He is so nice a student ______ we all like.
注意：有时用这样的结构”the same--- that” 表示同类同物。
This is the same pen _______I lost yesterday. Please return it to me.
He didn’t take the pen， because it was only the same pen _____ he had lost.
（2）as 可以引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子，往往放在主句的前面，也可中间或后面。从句多用被动语态， as is the case （像往常一样），as is expected （正如所料） The Changjiang River， ______ you know， is the third longest river in the world.
（3）区别：
______ is known to all， he is a great writer.
_______is known to all that he is a great writer.
_______is known to all is that he is a great writer.
7.当关系代词前缺少先行词时，需要用the one 来充当先行词。这时要通过“还原法”——将问句变成陈述句，就看得清了。
（1）Is this book _______ _______you lent him yesterday？
（2）Is this the book _________was borrowed from the library？
8.定语从句中主谓一致问题。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词保持一致。
Peter is one of the students who ______ French， but the only one of the students who _____ German in our school.（know）
9.如果先行词是人，但指的是人的品质，职业，此时不用who 或whom， 而用which.
John is a painter， _______ I should also like to be.
10.先行詞是表时间，地点，原因的名词时，关系词不一定都用关系副词 例如：
（1）This is the mountain village ___________ I visited last year.
（2）This is the mountain village ___________I stayed last year.
11.非限制性定语从句不能用that引导，引导词不管在从句中充当什么成分，都不省。
as 和which 引导非限制性定语从句的区别：
（1）He loves his son very much， ________make his daughter sad.
（2）_______ is reported in the newspaper， Chairman Xi will have a visit to Russia.
（3）The respectable expert should be so rude to his wife， ________ we didn’t expect.
12.由介词 关系代词构成的定语从句。
（1）关系副词when=on which ， where=in which， why=for which
Do you know the street _____ _______Li Fang lives？
（2）whose n.=the n. of whom/of which =of whom/of which the n.
如：The house whose window faces south belongs to my aunt.
=The house _____ ______ _____ _____ faces south belongs to my aunt.
（3）表示“所属”关系some of whom/which； two-thirds of whom/which；
the rest of whom/which； 20% of which / whom
There are 30 boys in my class. Most boys are left in the classroom， the rest _____ _____ ______ gone to the playground.
注意：of which/ whom 可放到前面来，如：29% of which =of which 29%。
（4）介词 关系代词 n.
如：in which case； during which time； by which time； for which reason等。
His brother will come to see him tomorrow， _______ ________ ________I can turn to him for help.（这样的话）
（5）定语从句中一些不及物动词和介词的搭配，可以放在关系代词前面，也可放原来的位置上。
如：He is the only person _____ _____ I can turn for help.（向——求助）
注意：1）介词不能省略，which， whom 不能被that ，who 替代。2）介词后面加关系代词，但有时用关系副词，特别是from where， since when I got to the top of the mountain， from ______ I could see the sun rising .3）如果主句的主语和定语从句的主语是一致的话，那么介词 关系代词 to do 代替定语从句。
如：I have two dollars with which I can buy a coffee.
=I have two dollars with which to buy a coffee.
13.如句中既缺主语又缺宾语，那就要看先行词代替主语还是宾语，另一个用代词it替代。
The war and the suffering _______ caused affected him greatly.
以上这些点是每个学生在平时的作业中或多或少疏忽的，如大家对上面的各个点能融会贯通地掌握，无论定语从句以什么形式考查我们，大家得高分都是轻而易举的事。
【作者简介】朱莉（1968-），女，江苏省启东中学，本科，中学高级教师，研究方向：高中英语语法。
定语从句的注意事项：
1.结构：先行词 关系词 句子 （先看先行词，再看从句中缺什么成分，最后确定什么关系词）。
2.关系代词 who， whom， which， that， whose， as.
关系副词 when， where， why.
注意：what ，how， whether 不引导定语从句。
3.关系代词的省略。
（1）关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时，可以省略。
1）This is the factory （which/that）your father once worked in.
2）关系代词在限定性定语从句中作表语时可以省略， 如果不省，不管先行词是人还是物，用that.
He is no longer the boy （that）he was ten years ago.
3）定语从句中如有be 动词，那就可以省略作主语的关系代词和be 动词。有时，如定语从句中的动词是个连续性动词，则关系代词省略，动词改为此动词的ing形式。
Do you know the person who is talking to your sister at the gate？
= Do you know the person __________to your sister at the gate？
4.关系代词只能用that的情况。
（1）关系代词是不定代词all， everything， anything， much， little， nothing， none， etc.
（2）先行词被the only， just the ， the very， all， any， much， few， little， no，等修饰时。
（3）先行词被序数词和形容词的最高级所修饰时。
（4）先行词既有人又有物。
（5）当主句是以who 或which 开头的特殊疑问句时（为避免重复）。
（6）从句中缺表语（不管先行词是人还是物 ）。
（7）在the way后面，有三种情况：可用that， in which或省略。
5.关系代词在从句中用作主语时，多用who 较少用that。
（1）关系代词在从句中做主语 A friend who helps you in time of need is a real friend.
（2）先行词为those ， anyone ，all， ones ， one ，people 时
Those who were either fools or unfit for their offices could not see the cloth .
（3）在There be句型中 There is a stranger who wants to see you .
（4）在被分隔的定語从句中 A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German .
（5）在有两个定语从句的句子中，其一用who，其二用that，但若先行词后接两个以上的并列定语从句时，后一个必须重复前一个关系代词。The student ____ was praised at the meeting is the monitor _____is very modest and studies very hard .
There is a teacher _______ is always ready to help others and ______ enjoys what he does .
6.关系代词as 的用法。
（1）as引导限制性定语从句。在the same——as； such——as； as——as ； so——as 结构中，表示同类异物
I have got the same dictionary __________ you have.
区别：
He is so nice a student ______ we all like him.
He is so nice a student ______ we all like.
注意：有时用这样的结构”the same--- that” 表示同类同物。
This is the same pen _______I lost yesterday. Please return it to me.
He didn’t take the pen， because it was only the same pen _____ he had lost.
（2）as 可以引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子，往往放在主句的前面，也可中间或后面。从句多用被动语态， as is the case （像往常一样），as is expected （正如所料） The Changjiang River， ______ you know， is the third longest river in the world.
（3）区别：
______ is known to all， he is a great writer.
_______is known to all that he is a great writer.
_______is known to all is that he is a great writer.
7.当关系代词前缺少先行词时，需要用the one 来充当先行词。这时要通过“还原法”——将问句变成陈述句，就看得清了。
（1）Is this book _______ _______you lent him yesterday？
（2）Is this the book _________was borrowed from the library？
8.定语从句中主谓一致问题。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词保持一致。
Peter is one of the students who ______ French， but the only one of the students who _____ German in our school.（know）
9.如果先行词是人，但指的是人的品质，职业，此时不用who 或whom， 而用which.
John is a painter， _______ I should also like to be.
10.先行詞是表时间，地点，原因的名词时，关系词不一定都用关系副词 例如：
（1）This is the mountain village ___________ I visited last year.
（2）This is the mountain village ___________I stayed last year.
11.非限制性定语从句不能用that引导，引导词不管在从句中充当什么成分，都不省。
as 和which 引导非限制性定语从句的区别：
（1）He loves his son very much， ________make his daughter sad.
（2）_______ is reported in the newspaper， Chairman Xi will have a visit to Russia.
（3）The respectable expert should be so rude to his wife， ________ we didn’t expect.
12.由介词 关系代词构成的定语从句。
（1）关系副词when=on which ， where=in which， why=for which
Do you know the street _____ _______Li Fang lives？
（2）whose n.=the n. of whom/of which =of whom/of which the n.
如：The house whose window faces south belongs to my aunt.
=The house _____ ______ _____ _____ faces south belongs to my aunt.
（3）表示“所属”关系some of whom/which； two-thirds of whom/which；
the rest of whom/which； 20% of which / whom
There are 30 boys in my class. Most boys are left in the classroom， the rest _____ _____ ______ gone to the playground.
注意：of which/ whom 可放到前面来，如：29% of which =of which 29%。
（4）介词 关系代词 n.
如：in which case； during which time； by which time； for which reason等。
His brother will come to see him tomorrow， _______ ________ ________I can turn to him for help.（这样的话）
（5）定语从句中一些不及物动词和介词的搭配，可以放在关系代词前面，也可放原来的位置上。
如：He is the only person _____ _____ I can turn for help.（向——求助）
注意：1）介词不能省略，which， whom 不能被that ，who 替代。2）介词后面加关系代词，但有时用关系副词，特别是from where， since when I got to the top of the mountain， from ______ I could see the sun rising .3）如果主句的主语和定语从句的主语是一致的话，那么介词 关系代词 to do 代替定语从句。
如：I have two dollars with which I can buy a coffee.
=I have two dollars with which to buy a coffee.
13.如句中既缺主语又缺宾语，那就要看先行词代替主语还是宾语，另一个用代词it替代。
The war and the suffering _______ caused affected him greatly.
以上这些点是每个学生在平时的作业中或多或少疏忽的，如大家对上面的各个点能融会贯通地掌握，无论定语从句以什么形式考查我们，大家得高分都是轻而易举的事。
【作者简介】朱莉（1968-），女，江苏省启东中学，本科，中学高级教师，研究方向：高中英语语法。