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一六四四年清军进入山海关,清王朝在北京建立了统治。当时国内的农民革命斗争,并没有因为王朝的更替而停息。大顺和大西两支农民军余部继续进行抗清斗争,这是明末农民战争的继续。革命的农民前赴后继,英勇斗争了二十年,为解放清初社会生产力作出了贡献。但是,由于阶级和历史条件的限制,农民军在斗争策略上从一开始就犯了“联合明室”的错误,使抗清斗争造成惨重的牺牲而终于失败。对于清初大顺和大西农民军余部的联明抗清问题应当如何评价,是研究十七世纪中国农民战争史应当解决的一个问题。本文试就这个问题作些初步的考察和分析。
In 1644, the Qing forces entered Shanhaiguan and the Qing Dynasty established its rule in Beijing. At that time, the peasant revolutionary struggle in China did not stop because of the replacement of dynasties. Dashun and Dazai two peasant army remnants continue to carry out the struggle against the Qing, this is the continuation of the peasant war in the late Ming. The revolutionary peasants went forward and went on to two decades of heroic struggle, making their contribution to the liberation of social productive forces in early Qing Dynasty. However, due to the restriction of class and historical conditions, the peasant army finally failed in the tactics of struggle from the very beginning with the mistake of “unifying the room” and making a heavy sacrifice in the struggle against the Qing. How to evaluate the joint anti-Qing issue of Dashun and Da Nishi peasant army remnants in the early Qing Dynasty is a problem that should be solved in studying the history of Chinese peasant war in the 17th century. This paper tries to make some preliminary investigation and analysis on this issue.