由于帝国主义的长期侵略,官僚资本与封建势力的层层压迫与剥削,旧中国的土地,大部分集中于不劳而获的地主阶级手里,绝大部分劳动农民,反而没有土地或很少土地,而不得不向地主田耕土地借粮借种以为生,因而忍受重租高利,贱卖贵买,及各种封建剥削。土地越集中,租息就越重,农民生活就越苦,土地生产力也就越趋于衰落。此种生产力衰落的结果就造成年成歉收,荒地增多水旱风虫荒灾不断,使占人口百分之八十 Because of the long-term imperialist aggression, the oppression and exploitation of bureaucratic capital and feudal forces, most of the land in old China was concentrated in the hands of the undoubted landlord class. Most working peasants, on the contrary, had no land or little land, They had to borrow grain from the landowners to borrow money for living, thus enduring rents and profits, selling expensive goods and selling them and feudal exploitation. The more concentrated the land is, the more the rent will be. The harder the peasants live, the more their land productivity tends to decline. As a result of this decline in productivity, the success of the project has resulted in a poor harvest.