本文介绍了两维薄层砂岩物理模型的制作方法和显微摄影技术,该模型通过投影仪能够用来直接观测流体在孔隙中的运动。这项技术提供了一种快速、准确、简便的观察水驱前缘变化过程,研究驱油机理、剩余油分布规律和提高采收率的实验方法。文章主要阐明了水驱、微乳液和活性剂水溶液的驱油过程特征和驱油机理,并对聚合物缓冲段塞改善流动状况作出了评价。还进行了部分试验过程的微量定量测定。 This paper introduces the fabrication method of two-dimensional thin sandstone physical model and the micro-photography technology, which can be used to directly observe the fluid movement in the pore through the projector. This technique provides a fast, accurate and easy way to observe the change of water front and to study the mechanism of oil displacement, the distribution of remaining oil and the experimental method of enhancing oil recovery. This paper mainly expounds the characteristics of oil displacement process and water flooding mechanism of water flooding, microemulsion and active agent aqueous solution, and evaluates the improvement of flow condition of polymer cushion slug. Also carried out part of the test of trace quantitative determination.