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采用田间试验研究机插株行距和氮肥施用对杂交水稻产量、氮素吸收利用的影响,以期为机插水稻合理施肥提供理论依据。结果表明,与常规手插株行距处理相比,2个试验点(沙洋、荆州)机插株行距条件下各施氮处理水稻产量均有增加趋势,有效穗数显著增加,但每穗实粒数减少、结实率下降。2个试验点水稻产量均随施氮量的增加呈先升后降的趋势,各施氮处理与不施氮处理相比显著增产。机插株行距下,沙洋(丰两优9号)、荆州(广两优476)2地水稻最佳氮肥用量分别为173.2和176.4 kg/hm2。与常规手插株行距处理相比,2个试验点机插株行距处理水稻氮素吸收量增加,氮肥吸收利用率和农学利用率提高。适宜的氮肥用量条件下,机插株行距可以提高群体的有效穗数,协调产量构成因素,较常规手插株行距在减少氮肥投入的同时能获得更高的产量。
Field experiments were conducted to study the effect of plant row spacing and nitrogen fertilizer application on yield and nitrogen absorption and utilization of hybrid rice, in order to provide a theoretical basis for rational fertilization of rice. The results showed that compared with the conventional row spacing treatment, the output of paddy rice under nitrogen application increased with the increase of row spacing at two experimental sites (Shayang and Jingzhou), and the effective panicle number increased significantly. However, Decreasing the number of grain, seed setting rate decreased. The yield of rice at the two experimental sites both increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate, and the yield of each nitrogen application increased significantly compared with no nitrogen application. Under the row spacing, the best N application rates in Shayang (Fengliangyou 9) and Jingzhou (Guangloumou 476) 2 were 173.2 and 176.4 kg / hm2, respectively. Compared with the conventional treatment of row spacing, the nitrogen absorption of rice plants at row spacing of 2 experimental sites increased, and the rate of nitrogen absorption and utilization and agronomic utilization rate increased. Under the suitable nitrogen application rate, the row spacing of machine-inserted plants can increase the effective panicle number of the population and coordinate the yield components, which can achieve higher yields while reducing the input of nitrogen fertilizers.