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目的:调查执行“和谐使命-2018”任务官兵上呼吸道感染的发生情况及影响因素。方法:选取执行任务官兵为调查对象，采用分层抽样的方法，调查长航期间各类上呼吸道感染的发生情况及相关影响因素。结果:任务期间官兵罹患上呼吸道感染的频率有所上升，与长航前相比差异有统计学意义(n P<0.05)，长航期间新发上呼吸道感染占比由高到低依次为普通感冒(52.31%)、扁桃体炎(13.85%)、咽喉炎(13.08%)、鼻炎(9.23%)。长航期间舰上官兵上呼吸道感染的发病次数和症状持续时间与长航前比较差异有统计学意义(n P<0.05)。失眠、疲劳、晕船等因素与官兵上呼吸道感染病情加重相关(n P<0.05)。长远航中期和后期上呼吸道感染的发病率显著高于早期，尤以中期为著，差异有统计学意义(n P<0.05)。长航期间官兵对发生上呼吸道感染并发症的担心程度明显高于非长航时期，差异有统计学意义(n P<0.05)。n 结论:长航过程中多种因素会影响官兵免疫功能，从而造成上呼吸道感染的发病次数增加、临床症状加重和病程延长，对正常工作造成影响，引起非战斗减员，因此采取一定措施预防上呼吸道感染具有重要意义。“,”Objective:To investigate the incidence of upper respiratory tract infection and the contributing factors in the officers and sailors of “Mission Harmony 2018”.Methods:The officers and sailors of the Mission were selected as objects. The stratified sampling was adopted to investigate the incidence of upper respiratory tract infection and related factors during the long oceangoing mission.Results:During the long oceangoing voyage, the incidence of upper respiratory tract infection in the officers and sailors increased compared with that before the voyage, and the difference was statistically significant (n P<0.05). The proportions of newly-occurred upper respiratory tract infections during the long oceangoing voyage, from high to low, were common cold (52.31%), tonsillitis (13.85%), laryngopharyngitis (13.08%), and rhinitis (9.23%). Regarding the frequency of occurrence and duration of upper respiratory tract infection, the differences between those in the Mission and those before the Mission were significantly different (n P<0.05). Insomnia, fatigue, seasickness, and other factors contributed to the aggravation of upper respiratory tract infection (n P<0.05). The incidences of upper respiratory tract infection in the middle and the final legs of the voyage were significantly higher than that in the beginning leg, especially the incidence in the middle leg was the highest, and the differences were statistically significant (n P<0.05). The officers and sailors worried more about the complications of upper respiratory tract infection during the Mission than they did in non-mission periods, and the difference was statistically significant (n P<0.05).n Conclusion:During the long oceangoing voyage, the immune function of the officers and sailors can be undermined by multiple factors, leading to the increase of upper respiratory tract infection, the aggravation of clinical symptoms, and the prolongation of the disease course, which can affect normal work and cause non-combat attrition. Therefore, it is of great significance to take certain measures to prevent upper respiratory tract infection.