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早在1845年,德国医生霍夫曼就把儿童“多动”作为一种病态予以描述。国外学者一度认为,儿童的多动表现是大脑受损或功能失调所致,因此命名为轻微脑功能障碍。但是,大量研究发现,绝大多数患儿并无脑功能降碍,而且许多大脑受损的儿童并无多动表现。80年代以后,学者们一致认为,儿童多动症的主要特点是注意力难以集中,因此,美国学者已将儿童多动症正式定名为注意缺损及多动障碍。在国际上,儿童多动症的诊断一度曾过滥。我国在80年代初也出现过儿童多动症“诊断热”,有些地区统计患病率高达15%左右。更有甚者,有的家长和教师也随意把好动的儿童“诊断”为多动症,由此造成家长、教师和问伴对这些孩子态度上的变化,而且也影响到这些孩子的自我评价。这种“贴标签”式的
As early as 1845, German physician Huffman described the child “hyperactivity” as a pathological condition. Foreign scholars once thought that hyperactivity of children was caused by impaired or dysfunctional brain and therefore named as mild brain dysfunction. However, a large number of studies have found that most children have no brain dysfunction, and many children with impaired brain have no hyperactivity. Since the 1980s, scholars agree that the main characteristic of ADHD is that attention is hard to be concentrated. Therefore, American scholars have formally named ADHD as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Internationally, the diagnosis of ADHD was excessive. In the early 80s of our country, ADHD “diagnosis fever” also appeared. In some areas, the prevalence rate of statistics was as high as 15%. What is more, some parents and teachers are free to “diagnose” active children as ADHD, thereby causing parents, teachers and companions to change their attitudes towards these children, and also affecting the self-evaluation of these children. This “label” type