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分析3种脱脂工艺(碱法、超临界CO2流体萃取、酶法)对养殖大黄鱼肌肉营养成分以及肌肉组织结构的影响。结果表明:碱法、超临界CO2流体萃取、酶法脱脂率分别为40.60%,13.49%,7.48%。碱法处理的营养成分与野生大黄鱼最接近,CO2流体萃取的营养成分变化最大。养殖和野生大黄鱼肌肉与碱法、酶法、超临界CO2流体萃取处理后的大黄鱼肌肉中SFA:MUFA:PUFA的比例分别是2.9:2.0:1,1.9:1.9:1,1.8:1.1:1,2.2:1.6:1,4.1:3.0:1。评价氨基酸后,5种大黄鱼的EAAI分别为44.03,47.30,41.99,40.33,38.68;呈味氨基酸含量分别为21.67,25.20,20.86,20.94,20.65 mg/g蛋白。组织结构分析表明:碱法脱脂使肌肉纤维结构断裂,变得松散;酶法脱脂后也有类似变化,但不及碱法明显。
The effects of three kinds of degreasing processes (alkaline, supercritical CO2 fluid extraction and enzymatic methods) on the nutritional composition of muscle and muscle tissue in cultured big yellow croaker were analyzed. The results showed that the alkaline extraction, supercritical CO2 fluid extraction and enzymatic degreasing rates were 40.60%, 13.49% and 7.48%, respectively. The nutrient content of alkali treatment was the closest to wild big yellow croaker, and the change of nutrients in CO2 fluid extraction was the biggest. The ratio of SFA: MUFA: PUFA in the muscle of big yellow croaker cultured by the method of muscle and alkali, enzymatic and supercritical CO2 fluid extraction was significantly lower than that of the control group (2.9: 2.0: 1, 1.9: 1.9: 1, 2.2: 1.6: 1, 4.1: 3.0: 1. After evaluating amino acids, the EAAI of the five species were 44.03, 47.30, 41.99, 40.33 and 38.68, respectively. The contents of amino acids in the five species were 21.67, 25.20, 20.86, 20.94 and 20.65 mg / g, respectively. Tissue structure analysis showed that: Alkaline degreasing muscle fiber structure rupture, become loose; enzyme degreasing also had similar changes, but not as obvious as the alkali method.