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目的：为了对乳房自我检查教育的效果进行评价。方法：上海纺织系统1925～1958年出生的267040名女职工按工厂随机分为干预组及对照组，干预组妇女接受乳房自我检查的教育和两次强化教育。抽样调查4012名妇女在评估前一年的参加乳房普查及自查情况，并要求干预组妇女演示乳房自查技能，从1套6只乳房硅胶模型中随机抽取3只模型对干预组和对照组妇女的肿块检出能力进行比较。对所有对象进行随访。结果：干预组妇女的自查频率明显高于对照组妇女；干预组妇女乳房自查三步手法的正确掌握率较高；干预组妇女使用乳房硅胶模型进行肿块检出的能力高于对照组；干预组退休妇女对乳房小肿块的检出能力高于对照组退休妇女，但两组的在职妇女无显著差异。结论：乳房自我检查教育活动有助于提高妇女乳房肿块自我检出能力。
Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of breast self-examination education. Methods: 267,040 female workers born in Shanghai Textile System from 1925 to 1958 were randomly divided into intervention group and control group according to the factory. The intervention group received breast self-examination education and two intensive education. A sample of 4012 women were evaluated in the previous year’s breast cancer survey and self-examination, and women in the intervention group were required to demonstrate breast self-examination skills. Three models were randomly selected from a set of 6 breast silica gel models for the intervention group and the control group. Women’s lump detection capabilities were compared. All subjects were followed up. Results: The frequency of self-inspection of women in the intervention group was significantly higher than that of women in the control group. The correct rate of three-step breast self-examination in the intervention group was higher, and the ability of the intervention group to use the breast silicone model to detect tumors was higher than that in the control group. The ability of the retired women in the intervention group to detect breast small lumps was higher than that of the retired women in the control group, but there was no significant difference between the two groups of working women. Conclusion: The breast self-examination education activity helps to improve the self-detectability of breast lumps in women.