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从理论上分析了中间品进口对技能结构影响的两个渠道:(1)高质量的中间品进口会替代本国生产的该部分产品,从而导致生产该部分产品的高技能劳动失业或转型,造成熟练劳动的需求下降(替代效应);(2)由于进口的中间品相对质量较高,企业在利润最大化的目标驱使下会相应地在其他生产环节也使用较高质量的中间投入(雇用熟练劳动进行生产),从而促进了熟练劳动的相对就业(互补效应)。在此基础上,使用海关数据和工业企业数据从企业层面进行了实证检验,回归结果证实了理论预期,中间品进口对技能结构影响的替代效应和互补效应的确存在。
This paper theoretically analyzes two channels of influence of intermediate imports on skill structure: (1) High-quality imports of intermediate products replace those products produced in the country, resulting in the loss of or transformation of high-skilled labor in the production of such products, resulting in Due to the relatively high quality of imported intermediate products, the enterprise will correspondingly use higher quality intermediate inputs in other production processes driven by the goal of profit maximization Labor production), thus promoting the relative employment of skilled labor (complementary effect). On this basis, we use the data of customs and industrial enterprises to do the empirical test from the enterprise level. The regression results confirm the theoretical expectation that the substitution effects and complementary effects of the imports of intermediate products on the skills structure do exist.