Soils are the foundation of civilizations and the basis for human food production.Mollisols in Ukraine and Northeast China are two out of the four major Mollisol regions in the world.The natural areas from which Mollisols developed are the prairies and steppes that experience temperate and freezing conditions.This review paper introduces the general climate,vegetation,and topography of Mollisols regions in Ukraine and Northeast China,analyzes their properties,including soil texture,soil organic matter content,soil bulk density,pH,cation exchange capacity and other chemical properties,and compares the property changes and management practices of Mollisols in relation to sustainable grain production. Soils are the foundation of civilizations and the basis for human food production. Mollisols in Ukraine and Northeast China are two out of the four major Mollisol regions in the world. Natural areas from which Mollisols developed are the prairies and steppes that experience temperate and freezing. conditions. This review paper introduces the general climate, vegetation, and topography of Mollisols regions in Ukraine and Northeast China, analyzes their properties, including soil texture, soil organic matter content, soil bulk density, pH, cation exchange capacity and other chemical properties, and comparable the property changes and management practices of Mollisols in relation to sustainable grain production.