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宗族祭祖是我国古老的四大礼俗“冠婚丧祭”之一。江西省赣州市客家人聚居区是目前我国保持这一礼俗最隆重的地区,其宗族祭祀活动至今普遍盛行于当地的村村店店。该仪式行为是我们探究客家地区文化的重要窗口,也是我们研究当地民间音乐重要的途径。本文以石城县长溪村赖氏祭祖为例,立足于民族音乐学的研究视角,详细记录个案的仪式过程;通过历时性和共时性的比较,探讨仪式及与之相关行为存在的深层原因;通过对民间艺人的采录,建构民间艺人知识体系中的音乐行为模式;通过对音声环境的分析,阐述音乐如何在仪式中发挥其特殊的社会和文化功能;最后提出,构成仪式的每一样事物都彰显出一个宗族强大凝聚力的文化内核。
Ancestor clan worship is one of the four ancient etiquette “crown wedding funeral”. The Hakka Community in Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, is the most solemn region in China to maintain this custom. Its clan ritual activities have prevailed in the local village shops. The ceremony is an important window for us to explore Hakka culture and is an important way for us to study local folk music. This article takes Lai’s ancestor in Changxi Village, Shicheng County as an example. Based on the research perspective of ethnomusicology, this paper records the ritual process of each case in detail. Through the comparison of diachronic and synchronicity, this article explores the underlying causes of ritual and related behaviors ; Through the collection of folk artists, constructing the music behavior model in the folk artist’s knowledge system; through the analysis of the acoustic environment, elaborating on how music can exert its special social and cultural functions in ceremonies; finally, it points out that everything that constitutes a ritual All demonstrate the cultural core of a clan’s strong cohesion.