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目的了解重庆低出生体质量患儿情况并作5年动态比较。方法回顾性分析2005年1月至2009年9月重庆医科大学附属儿童医院新生儿诊疗中心收治的2 709例低出生体质量患儿的临床资料,应用SPSS 16.0软件进行统计学分析。结果①5年来,低出生体质量患儿在同期住院新生儿中的比例始终>11%。②住院新生儿中,不同出生体质量组的患儿其平均病死率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=50.070,P<0.05);出生体质量在1 500~2 000 g的患儿其病死率为正常出生体质量住院患儿的1.69倍,体质量<1 500 g的患儿病死率为正常出生体质量患儿的8.79倍。③男性患儿平均出生体质量较女性患儿重(t=2.247,P<0.05)。④重庆低出生体质量患儿以早产为主,平均占87.4%。⑤初产儿平均出生体质量较经产儿(产次≥2)高(F=15.146,P<0.05)。⑥低出生体质量患儿的母亲中,45.6%曾患各类感染性疾病。⑦近50.0%的孕母在生育旺盛期以外的年龄段进行生产,40.7%的母亲处于无业状态。结论尽可能防止早产,在可控范围内减少多胎妊娠并适度控制产次等方面是重庆市低出生体质量疾控工作的重要环节,加强对低出生体质量儿,尤其是极低出生体质量儿的监测护理,提高其存活率,是降低重庆市新生儿死亡率的关键。
Objective To understand the situation of children with low birth weight in Chongqing and make a 5-year dynamic comparison. Methods The clinical data of 2 709 children with low birth weight admitted to Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 2005 to September 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. The data were analyzed by SPSS 16.0 software. Results ① In 5 years, the proportion of infants with low birth weight in in-hospital newborns was always> 11%. ②In-hospital neonates, the average mortality of children born at different birthweight groups was significantly different (χ2 = 50.070, P <0.05). The incidence of death in children with birth weight of 1 500-2 000 g Rate of 1.69 times the normal birth weight of children hospitalized, body mass <1500 g of children with normal birth weight of 8.79 times the children. ③ The average birth weight of males was heavier than that of females (t = 2.247, P <0.05). ④ Chongqing low birth weight children with premature birth, with an average of 87.4%. ⑤ The average birth weight of primipara was higher than that of the fetus (≥2) (F = 15.146, P <0.05). ⑥ low birth weight of mothers in children, 45.6% had various infectious diseases. ⑦ Nearly 50.0% of pregnant mothers were produced outside the fertility period, and 40.7% of mothers were unemployed. Conclusion Prevention of premature delivery as much as possible, reduction of multiple pregnancies within the controllable range, and proper control of birth-weight ratio are important links in the management of low birth weight in Chongqing. Strengthen the management of low birth weight children, especially those with very low birth weight Monitoring and nursing children to improve their survival rate is to reduce neonatal mortality in Chongqing the key.