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东北山定子(Malus baccata(L.)Borkh)野生居群集中分布区位于49°11’~50°40’N,119°42’~120°16’E之间,海拔520~670 m,呈带状分布于大兴安岭西南麓与呼伦贝尔平原交接的河床半湿地,面积约230 km2,处于原始野生状态。调查423份自然变异类型表明:树龄最大400年生以上,30~50年生为主体占37%;树姿以直立型与开张型为主,垂枝型占14%;株高与冠径均呈正态分布,矮生型占19.8%;果实颜色由黄经红到紫色变异,浓红型占43.8%,黄色与紫色类型分别占4.5%、3.2%;果实酸、酸甜、甜酸共占总群体的72.9%;自然授粉前提下,平均每花序坐果3个的占47.7%,坐果5个的占26.5%,3.5%的成龄树没有果实;叶形与果形有扁圆、圆、卵圆、长椭圆等,但叶形与果形之间无遗传相关性。群体遗传分析参考国内外研究进展,结合分布区的GPS、河流走向、地貌特征、树龄分布、采访记录等推测:东北山定子是山定子组(Malus baccatus Jiang)的地理亚种,集中分布于大兴安岭西南麓的山谷间,海拔800m左右,种子经河水、鸟类等作用,延伊敏河、根河、海拉尔河、雅鲁河等流域自然迁徙扩散至海拉尔的黑羊站、蒙古屯、哈克镇,满洲里黑山头口岸的弘吉拉布等地,在近河的山谷地带逐渐适应繁衍形成二级集中分布区。
The population distributions of wild populations of Malus baccata (L.) Borkh in northeastern China ranged from 49 ° 11’-50 ° 40’N, 119 ° 42’-120 ° 16’E and 520-670 m above sea level Belt distributed in the foothills of the Greater Xing’an Mountains and the Hulunbeier plain wetland bed transfer, an area of about 230 km2, in the original wild state. 423 natural variation types were surveyed. The results showed that the tree age was over 400 years old and the main body was 30 to 50 years old. The tree stalks were dominated by upright and open type, and the weeping branches accounted for 14%. The plant height and crown diameter were positive The distribution of the dwarf type accounted for 19.8%. The fruit color varied from Huangjinghong to purple, the red type accounted for 43.8%, the yellow and purple types accounted for 4.5% and 3.2% respectively. The fruit acid, sweet and sour, 72.9%. Under the condition of natural pollination, the average number of inflorescences per plant was 47.7%, and that of fruit-bearing plants was 26.5%. 3.5% of mature trees had no fruit. The leaf shape and fruit shape were oblate, Long oval, etc., but no genetic correlation between leaf shape and fruit shape. According to the research progress at home and abroad, combining with GPS, river trend, geomorphology, age distribution and interview records in the distribution area, the genetic analysis of population in northeastern China is inferred that the northeast mountain stratum is a geographic subspecies of the Malus baccatus Jiang distributed in Daxing’anling Southwest of the valley, about 800m above sea level, the seeds by the river, birds and other functions, the Yan River, River, Hailar River, Yalu River and other natural migration and diffusion to Hailar black sheep station, Mongolia Tuen, Hack , Manchuria blackhead port of Hong Ji Labu and other places, in the valley near the river gradually adapted to multiply the formation of secondary concentration area.