[目的]了解大学生对抗生素的认识与使用知识,为健康教育提供依据。[方法]2012年3月,对宜昌地区某大学1 112名大学生进行问卷调查。[结果]调查的1 112名大学生中,医学生791人,非医学生321人,认为感冒时必须使用抗生素的占89.75%,知道抗生素有副作用的占89.75%,知道细菌对抗生素有耐药性的占89.12%(P<0.01);自行购买过抗生素的占76.62%,其中买药时持有医生开具的处方的占19.13%,因为药店销售人员推荐而购买的占52.35%(P<0.01);表示即使没有症状也会使用抗生素预防感染的占12.68%,表示出现相同症状时自行使用以前剩下的抗生素的占61.96%,表示会根据症状自行调节抗生素的剂量和使用时间的占70.77%。[结论]大学生对抗生素的认知度较低,购买和使用抗生素的行为不规范。 [Objective] To understand college students’ understanding and use of antibiotics and provide basis for health education. [Method] In March 2012, a questionnaire survey was conducted on 1 112 college students in a university in Yichang. [Results] Of the 1 112 students surveyed, 791 were medical students and 321 were non-medical students, accounting for 89.75% of those who had antibiotics, and 89.75% knew that antibiotics had side effects. They knew that the bacteria were resistant to antibiotics Accounting for 89.12% (P <0.01). 76.62% of the patients purchased antibiotics themselves, of which 19.13% were prescribed by doctors, 52.35% (P <0.01) were recommended by the pharmacy salesmen, . It means that 12.68% of those who used antibiotics to prevent infection even without symptoms said they took 61.96% of their previous antibiotics when they had the same symptom, indicating that 70.77% of them would adjust the dose of antibiotics and the time of using antibiotics according to the symptoms. [Conclusion] Undergraduates have a low awareness of antibiotics and non-standard purchase and use of antibiotics.