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目的了解四会市2006—2009年狂犬病疫情,探讨狂犬病疫苗免疫效果,为制定狂犬病防治策略提供依据。方法用描述性流行病学方法对四会市2006—2009年狂犬病疫情进行分析;对完成狂犬病疫苗全程免疫者采集血清检测狂犬病lgG抗体阳转率,并评价狂犬病疫苗免疫效果。结果 2006—2009年共报告狂犬病病例21例,死亡21例,死亡率为100%。4年分别报告1、12、7、1例,发病率分别为0.24/10万、2.93/10万、1.71/10万、0.24/10万。潜伏期平均56 d;21例病例均有动物致伤史,以被犬致伤为主(18例)。伤口以Ⅱ、Ⅲ级暴露为主(5、16例),且全部病例均无到医疗单位处理伤口及接种人用狂犬病疫苗和狂犬病免疫球蛋白。全年除4、11月外,其余月份均有病例发生。发病人群以男性为主(14例);年龄分布以>50岁组为主(13例);职业以农民发病最多(16例)。同期全市有28 132人份狂犬病疫苗为动物致伤者和病例密切接触者进行了全程免疫接种,受种者均无发病,其中996名狂犬病疫苗接种者在完成全程免疫后进行了狂犬病lgG抗体检测,抗体阳转率为95.89%。结论四会市狂犬病病例以农民、老年人为主,犬伤后未能及时处理伤口和接种狂犬病疫苗是导致狂犬病发病的主要原因。及时规范处理伤口和接种狂犬病疫苗是预防狂犬病最有效的方法。
Objective To understand the epidemic situation of rabies from 2006 to 2009 in Sihui City and to explore the immunization effect of rabies vaccine so as to provide evidence for the development of rabies prevention and control strategies. Methods The descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the rabies epidemic in Sihui City from 2006 to 2009. Serum was collected to detect the positive rate of rabies IgM antibody in rabies vaccine and the immune effect of rabies vaccine was evaluated. Results A total of 21 rabies cases were reported in 2006-2009, with 21 deaths and a mortality rate of 100%. 4 years were reported 1,12,7,1 cases, respectively, the incidence rates were 0.24 / 100,000, 2.93 / 100,000, 1.71 / 100,000, 0.24 / 100,000. The average incubation period was 56 days. In all 21 cases, animals were injured by animals and mainly caused by dogs (18 cases). The wounds were mainly exposed in grade Ⅱ and Ⅲ (5,16 cases), and none of the cases were treated by medical units for rabies vaccination and rabies immunoglobulin. Except for April and November, all the other cases occurred in the year. The incidence of male dominated (14 cases); age distribution in the group of> 50 years old (13 cases); occupations to farmers the most (16 cases). Over the same period, 28,132 rabies vaccines were vaccinated in animals throughout the city and close contacts of patients were vaccinated without any disease. Among them, 996 rabies vaccine recipients were tested for rabies IgA antibody after completing full immunization , Antibody positive rate was 95.89%. Conclusion The rabies cases in Sihui City are mainly peasants and the elderly. Failure to timely treat wounds after vaccination and vaccination against rabies vaccine are the main causes of rabies. Prompt management of wounds and rabies vaccination is the most effective way to prevent rabies.