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本文以认知语法中的辖域和入场理论为基础,对汉语属性词和状态词的概念和句法特征进行了分析和对比,指出这两类词的本质区别在于二者概念特征的不同:属性词的直接辖域是由同类属性词构成的认知域,而状态词的直接辖域则是派生出该状态词的属性词构成的认知域。辖域特征的区别反映到句法层面上,主要表现为二者句法功能的差异:属性词主要用于区别和分类,主要功能是用作定语;状态词主要用于描写,主要功能是用作谓语。所谓状态词用作定语,实际上是状态词用作定语从句中的谓语。与英语中的that/which一样,“的”也是定语从句的标记,这就是状态词做定语需要附加“的”的原因。
Based on the jurisdictions and admissions theories in cognitive grammar, this paper analyzes and contrasts the conceptual and syntactic features of Chinese attribute words and state words, and points out that the essential difference between the two types of words lies in the difference of their conceptual features: The direct domain of attribute words is the cognitive domain formed by similar attribute words, while the direct domain of state words is the cognitive domain formed by the attribute words of the state words. The distinctions between jurisdictions reflected in the syntactic level are mainly manifested in the difference of the syntactic functions: the attribute words are mainly used for distinguishing and classifying, and the main function is used as the attributive; the state words are mainly used for description and the main function is used as the predicate . The so-called status word is used as an attributive, in fact, a state word is used as a predicate in an attributive clause. Like that / which in English, “” is also a sign of an attributive clause, which is why the state word is an attributive one that requires an additional “”.