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从心理学的观点来看,学生掌握知识的过程的序列是:感知→思考→记忆→应用。而记忆是一种复杂的认识过程,主要包括识记、保持、再认与回忆。回忆是以联想为基础的,可能是有意的,也可能是无意的。在学习中起主要作用的是有意回忆,它是有预定目的、以任务为方向的一种定向联想。例如,解答复合应用题时,按照题意的要求,以求解的任务为方向,联想到以往学习过的有关公式、数量关系,经过独立的分析、判断、推理,得出正确的解答。
From a psychological point of view, the sequence of students’ knowledge of the process is: perception → thinking → memory → application. Memory is a complicated process of cognition, which mainly includes memorizing, keeping, recognizing and recalling. Memories are based on associations and may or may not be intentional. It plays an important role in learning. It is a directed association that has a predetermined purpose and takes the task as its direction. For example, when answering a composite application question, the task of solving the problem is taken as the direction of the question, and the related formulas and quantity relations learned in the past are reminded. Through independent analysis, judgment and reasoning, the correct answer is obtained.