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【目的】化学防治是目前控制红火蚁Solenopsis invicta为害的最有效的方法。化学药剂在对红火蚁起到良好防效时,也会对发生区的其他节肢动物群落造成一定的影响。本文研究了红火蚁常用防治药剂施用后对红火蚁典型发生区域-草坪生境中节肢动物群落的影响。【方法】使用网捕法和陷阱取样法调查处理和对照区的节肢动物。【结果】调查表明,施用推荐剂量的0.015%多杀菌素饵剂35 g/巢、0.045%茚虫威饵剂5 g/巢、0.096%氟虫腈粉剂30 g/巢和4.5%高效氯氰菊酯乳油2 000倍液后,对草坪上节肢动物群落产生不同的影响。研究发现,在农药处理后,各处理区节肢动物的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数得到不同程度的提高,在处理后45 d后,多杀菌素饵剂、茚虫威饵剂、氟虫腈粉剂和高效氯氰菊酯乳油处理区的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数分别为2.1、2.0、1.8和2.1,显著高于对照区的1.5。通过主成份分析得到施用30 g/巢0.096%氟虫腈粉剂和2 000倍液的高效氯氰菊酯乳油灌巢对节肢动物群落恢复产生一定的负面影响,即造成节肢动物群落中的非靶标生物的死亡。【结果】红火蚁种群在被药剂压制后,各药剂处理区中的生物多样性得到不同程度的恢复;35 g/巢的0.015%多杀菌素饵剂和5 g/巢的0.045%茚虫威饵剂对节肢动物群落相对安全,节肢动物群落相比对照区在防治后表现为物种相对丰富和群落结构稳定。
【Objective】 Chemical control is the most effective method to control Solenopsis invicta. Chemical agents play a good control effect on R. solani, but also affect other arthropod communities in the area. In this paper, the effects of the common control agents on the arthropod community in the lawn habitat of the red imported fire ant (Asteraceae) were studied. [Method] Arthropods in the treatment and control areas were investigated using net catching method and trap sampling method. 【Result】 The results showed that the recommended dosages of 0.015% spinosad bait 35 g / nest, 0.045% indoxacarb bait 5 g / nest, 0.096% fipronil 30 g / nest and 4.5% beta-cypermethrin After 2 000 times, the arthropod community has different effects on the lawn. The results showed that after pesticide treatment, the Shannon-Wiener diversity index of arthropods in different treatment areas increased to some extent. After 45 days of treatment, spinosad baits, indoxacarb, fipronil and The Shannon-Wiener diversity index of beta-cypermethrin-treated area was 2.1, 2.0, 1.8 and 2.1, respectively, which was significantly higher than 1.5 in the control area. Principal component analysis showed that the nectarine injection of beta-cypermethrin at a dose of 0.096% fipronil at 30 g / s and nesting at 2000 fold had a negative effect on arthropod community recovery, which resulted in the death of non-target organisms in the arthropod community . 【Result】 The results showed that the species diversity of the red imported fire ant population was restored to some extent after being repressed by the pesticides. The rates of phytotoxicity of 0.015% spinosad at 35 g / nest and 0.045% indoxacarb at 5 g / Bait was relatively safe to arthropod community, arthropod community showed comparatively rich species and stable community structure after the control.