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散发性脑炎是目前儿科的常见疾病，病理检查所见，可分为病毒性及变态反应性两组。鉴于当前病毒学，免疫学检查尚未能普遍开展，加之缺乏“特异症状及体征”，临床上误诊病例相当常见。为了提高小儿散发性脑炎的诊治水平，现将我院儿科近年来误诊为散发性脑炎34例的病种报告如下。一、颅内占位性病变：小儿颅内占位性病变，表现为进展性颅内压增高及神经系统局限性体征。散发性脑炎也可表现为局限性的损害，如偏瘫、交叉性瘫痪或小脑共济失调等。如若再合并脑水肿引起的颅内压升高，在这种情况下两者之间的鉴别诊断确实非常困难。脑电图检查有助于鉴别诊断，有时尚需进行特殊造影（脑血管造影，脑室造影）或CT以资鉴别。
Sporadic encephalitis is a common pediatric diseases, pathological findings can be divided into two groups of viral and allergic reactions. In view of the current virology, immunological tests have not yet been carried out universally, coupled with the lack of “specific symptoms and signs,” clinically misdiagnosed cases are quite common. In order to improve the diagnosis and treatment of sporadic encephalitis in children, now my hospital pediatric misdiagnosed as sporadic encephalitis in recent 34 cases reported as follows. First, intracranial space-occupying lesions: Pediatric intracranial space-occupying lesions, manifested as progressive intracranial hypertension and neurological limitations of the signs. Sporadic encephalitis can also be manifested as limitations of damage, such as hemiplegia, cross-paralysis or cerebellar ataxia. If combined with cerebral edema caused by increased intracranial pressure, in this case the differential diagnosis between the two is indeed very difficult. EEG helps to differential diagnosis, there are times the need for special radiography (cerebral angiography, intraventricular angiography) or CT in order to identify.