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法国在1964年12月16日颁布实施的《法国流域机构的水政》中规定,采用经济手段以确保对水资源进行有效的管理。这项工作由国家、地方政府和用户三方代表组成的流域委员会负责,具体业务由流域管理机构办理,后者是具有经济自主权的公共管理机构。管理委员会的职权范围包括实施流域水资源规划的研究项目,防止水体污染以及协助流域水资源用户建设供水工程。为了满足各种经费开支的需要,流域机构在多年计划范围内,向下列三类用户征收水费:取水者、排放污染物者和引起水资源水量与水质变化者。为了有效地利用水资源,流域机构必须根据国家的水利政策制订出水资源开发及防止水
France’s “Water Policy in French Basin Organizations,” promulgated on December 16, 1964, stipulates the use of economic instruments to ensure effective management of water resources. The work is carried out by river basin committees composed of tripartite representatives from the state, local governments and users. Specific operations are handled by basin management agencies, which are public authorities with economic autonomy. The terms of reference of the management committee include carrying out research projects on water resources planning in the river basin, preventing water pollution and assisting river basin users in the construction of water supply projects. In order to meet various funding requirements, the river basin agencies will charge water fees to the following three types of users within the scope of the multi-year plan: water abstraction, discharge of pollutants and changes in water resources and water quality. In order to make effective use of water resources, river basin agencies must formulate water resources development and prevent water according to national water policy