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艾滋病疫苗是当今时代最具挑战性的科学难题之一,现有的以诱导体液免疫为目的的H IV-1抗原均难以诱导产生有效的、持续的广谱中和抗体。近年来,一些具有广谱中和活性的H IV单克隆抗体(mAb)的发现及其相应抗原表位的阐明,给以诱导H IV体液免疫的疫苗研究带来了新的希望。相比于gp120,H IV gp41的序列更为保守,糖基化位点更少,更适合作为疫苗的抗原。本文综述了靶向gp41的广谱中和抗体及其抗原表位,并阐述了对目前国际上基于gp41的H IV亚单位疫苗设计思路及进展。
AIDS vaccine is one of the most challenging scientific problems in the modern era. The existing H IV-1 antigens for the purpose of inducing humoral immunity are difficult to induce efficient and continuous broad-spectrum neutralizing antibodies. In recent years, the discovery of some monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against H IV with broad spectrum neutralization activity and the elucidation of their corresponding epitopes have brought new hope for vaccine research on inducing H IV humoral immunity. H IV gp41 has a more conserved sequence and fewer glycosylation sites than gp120, making it more suitable as an antigen for vaccines. This review summarizes the broad spectrum of neutralizing antibodies against gp41 and its epitopes and elaborates on the current design and development of gp41-based H IV subunit vaccines.