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目的了解铜山县中小学生现时营养现状和变化趋势,为制定铜山县中小学生营养干预措施提供科学依据。方法采取整群抽样的方法,抽取铜山县6所中小学校,共调查学生10 324名,按照卫生部下发的《学校卫生情况年报填表说明及技术规范》[1]测量学生的身高和体质量,采用WHO提倡的身高标准体重法,对照中国学生7~22岁身高标准体质量值进行评价。结果铜山县中小学学生营养状况良好65.83%,较2000年低5.5%;营养不良检出率为21.39%,高于2000年3.23%;女生营养不良率显著高于男生,初中生营养不良率最高,高中生次之,小学生最低。体质量超标检出率为6.89%,高于2000年0.65%;肥胖率为5.86%,高于2000年2.11%;男生体质量超标和肥胖所占比例高于女生,小学生营养过剩的检出率最高,初中生次之,高中生最高。结论铜山县中小学生营养不良和营养过剩同时并存,增长幅度较大,应加强营养宣传教育,有针对性的采取营养干预措施。解决的关键在于平衡膳食,应加大对学校、家长和学生营养知识的宣传。
Objective To understand the current nutritional status and trends of primary and secondary school students in Tongshan County and to provide a scientific basis for formulating nutrition intervention measures for primary and secondary school students in Tongshan County. Methods A cluster sampling method was adopted. Six primary and secondary schools in Tongshan County were sampled. A total of 10 324 students were investigated. The height and body of the students were measured according to the “School Health Status Report Filling Instructions and Technical Specifications” [1] issued by the Ministry of Health Quality, using the WHO advocated height standard weight method, compared with Chinese students 7 to 22 years old height standard body weight value evaluation. Results The nutritional status of primary and secondary school students in Tongshan County was 65.83%, 5.5% lower than that in 2000. The detection rate of malnutrition was 21.39%, higher than that of 3.23% in 2000. The rate of malnutrition among girls was significantly higher than that of boys and middle school students Highest, followed by high school students, pupils minimum. The detection rate of overweight body weight was 6.89%, which was higher than that of 2000, 0.65%. The obesity rate was 5.86%, higher than that of 2.11% in 2000. The overweight and obesity proportion of boys was higher than that of girls and primary school students Highest, followed by junior high school students, high school students the highest. Conclusion Tongshan County primary and secondary school students malnutrition and excess nutrients co-exist at the same time, a larger growth rate, nutrition education should be strengthened, targeted to take nutritional interventions. The key is to balance the diet, should increase the publicity of the nutritional knowledge of schools, parents and students.