一、资助的由来在美国的历史上,高等院校不仅是各种人才的培养基地,而且也是科学技术的倡导者。与某些国家不同的是,美国并没有一个大规模的,在一定程度上具有独立性的从事基础研究的机构和体制。就某种意义而言,美国的基础研究主要依靠高等院校来进行。美国联邦政府对高等院校科研活动的支持是从19世纪中期开始的。美国国会于1862年 I. The Origin of Funding In the history of the United States, colleges and universities are not only the bases for cultivating various talents, but also the advocates of science and technology. Unlike some countries, the United States does not have a large-scale and, to some extent independent, institutions and institutions engaged in basic research. In a sense, basic research in the United States mainly depends on institutions of higher learning. The United States federal government's support for higher education institutions started in the mid-nineteenth century. The United States Congress in 1862