我们曾经说过古人的赐姓现象,帝王赐姓也是改姓,不过是被动的改姓;本文说的是自己主动的改姓。帝王的赐姓,虽非出于自愿,但作为一种荣耀和恩宠,你难以拒绝,那怕是恶姓也不能不接受;而自己的主动改姓,理应出于自愿,可由自己决定,却也常常是不得不改的。大部分是因为外界环境逼迫的结果:或是为避战乱避灾祸,或是怕受牵连受株连,或是为避讳。总之,大部分也都是不得已的。以下着重谈两种古人主要的改姓现象:避祸改姓和避讳改姓。 We once said that the ancients gave thanks to the surname. The king gave the surname also changed his surname, but it was a passive change of surname. This article is about his own initiative to change his surname. Although the emperor’s thanksgiving surname is not voluntary, as a kind of glory and grace, you cannot refuse it. Even if it is a vicious surname, you can’t accept it. Your own initiative to change your surname should be voluntary and you can decide it yourself. Often also have to change. Most of them are the result of the persecution of the external environment: either avoiding disasters or avoiding disasters, or being afraid of being implicated or being evasive. In short, most of them are also a last resort. The following focuses on the phenomenon of changing the surnames of two ancient people: avoiding misfortunes, changing their surnames, and avoiding changing their surnames.