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针对云南省农业生产中玉米马铃薯间作面临的突发干旱危害和低产低效问题,在云南省宣威市农业技术示范基地,进行了玉米打塘开沟地膜覆盖间作马铃薯抗旱增产增效试验研究。结果表明:玉米开沟或打塘+地膜覆盖间作马铃薯复合技术可以提高土壤水分积蓄量,玉米开沟间作和打塘间作土壤含水量分别比玉米平垄和马铃薯单作最多增加28.32%和25.16%;在玉米生育前期,玉米开沟或打塘地膜覆盖间作马铃薯措施有利于促进玉米和马铃薯的生长发育,开沟和打塘模式玉米株高比平垄分别增加31.94%和26.33%,叶面积指数(LAI)分别增加49.56%和25.29%;开沟和打塘措施的玉米理论产量和经济系数均高于玉米平垄间作和单作,玉米产量、复合产量和土地当量比(LER)均显著增加,打塘种植的土地当量比最大(LER=1.20),比平地处理增加10.52%,增产效益显著。所以,该措施能有效提高作物间作系统抗旱能力,增产增效,对稳定农业收益和保障粮食安全具有重要意义。
Aiming at the problem of sudden drought damage and low yield and inefficiency of maize and potato intercropping in agricultural production in Yunnan Province, a pilot experiment was conducted to study the intercropping of maize mulching and trenching mulching with film mulching in drought resistance and yield increase in Xuanwei City, Yunnan Province. The results showed that the combined application of corn ditching or pond + plastic film mulching could increase the soil water storage, and the soil water content of corn intercropping and intercropping can increase up to 28.32% and 25.16% In the early stage of maize growth, maize ditching or mulching with plastic film mulching could promote the growth of maize and potato. The height of ditches and ponds increased by 31.94% and 26.33%, respectively. The leaf area index (LAI) ) Increased by 49.56% and 25.29% respectively. The theoretical yield and economic coefficient of corn with ditches and ponds were higher than that of corn with flat ridge and single crop, and the corn yield, compound yield and land equivalent ratio (LER) The equivalent ratio of land cultivation in ponds was the largest (LER = 1.20), 10.52% more than that in the flatlands, and the yield increase was significant. Therefore, this measure can effectively improve the ability of crop intercropping system to resist drought, increase yield and increase efficiency, and is of great significance to stabilizing agricultural income and ensuring food security.