论文部分内容阅读
在传统的社会主义集中型经济体制下,投资主要由政府承担,企业利润上交为国家财政收入,企业折旧基金也由国家统一掌握。然后政府再以财政拨款的方式,将投资分配于各个产业或各个部门.这种投资体制存在一定的弊端,主要是:(1)投资决策权过多地集中在计划部门。投资报告要层层上报、审批、立项、时间过长,不仅投资成败和效益高低与计划审批部门无关,而且由于投资项目的上马完全决定于上级主管部门,因而作为具体投资单位的企业就无需负责任。这导致计划部门的投资决策失误率高,而且投资的效率低;(2)投资的平均主义分配。国家可以平调各企业单位的财产,基本建设保持吃“大锅饭”状态,且财政、银行、商业部门对基建的束力太弱,从而造成银行的“贷多回少”和企业产品粗制滥造的局面。党的十一届三中全会以来,投资体制方面
Under the traditional socialist centralized economic system, the investment is mainly borne by the government. The profits of the company are turned over to the national fiscal revenue. The depreciation fund of the enterprise is also under the unified control of the state. Then the government allocates the investment to various industries or departments with financial appropriation. This investment system has certain drawbacks: (1) Investment decision-making power is concentrated in the planning department. Investment reports must be reported, approved, set up, and spent too much time. Not only is the success or failure of the investment, but also the level of benefit has nothing to do with the planning approval department, and since the investment project is completely decided on by the superior department, the company as a specific investment unit will not be liable. responsibility. This leads to high failure rate of investment decisions in the planning department and low efficiency of investment; (2) Equalitarian distribution of investment. The state can calmly transfer the assets of various business units, maintain the basic construction of eating a “big pot” state, and the fiscal, banking, and commercial sectors are too weak for infrastructure, resulting in banks’ “loose return” and the excessive production of corporate products. . Since the Third Plenary Session of the 11th CPC Central Committee, the investment system