一、引言核电站对满足世界能源需要起着重要的作用。目前有26个国家的工作型核电站已投入使用。有8个国家正在或准备建设核电站。工作反应堆以及这些建设中的反应堆含有536块铝构件。目前有129块处于设计和订货阶段。反应堆主要类型有PWR型(在社会主义国家称为VVER型)和BWR型。这 I. Introduction Nuclear power plants play an important role in meeting the world’s energy needs. At present, working nuclear power plants in 26 countries have been put into operation. Eight countries are or are planning to build nuclear power plants. The working reactors and these under construction reactors contain 536 aluminum components. There are currently 129 in the design and ordering stages. The main types of reactors PWR type (in the socialist countries called the VVER type) and BWR type. This