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文昌193、红星1、海垦2是广泛种植的优良橡胶品种,对其核型进行研究将在橡胶树育种中具有重要意义。以古铜期嫩叶为试验材料,采用酶解去壁低渗法对文昌193、红星1、海垦2的染色体核型进行研究。结果表明,文昌193的染色体核型公式2n=36=30m+6sm,相对长度组成为2n=36=8S+8M1+16M2+4L,核不对称系数为61.22%,红星1的染色体核型公式2n=36=32m(2sat)+4sm,相对长度组成为2n=36=6S+12M1+14M2+4L,核不对称系数为59.76%,海垦2的染色体核型公式2n=36=32m(2sat)+4sm,相对长度组成为2n=36=6S+10M1+16M2+4L,核不对称系数为58.61%,三者核型类型均为2B型,均属于对称程度较高的染色体组。该研究可为橡胶树育种、种质资源鉴定和基因定位等研究提供细胞学基础。
Wenchang 193, Hongxing 1 and Hacon 2 are widely cultivated fine varieties of rubber. Studying their karyotypes will be of great significance in rubber tree breeding. The bronze-aged young leaves were used as materials to study the chromosome karyotypes of Wenchang 193, Hongxing 1 and Haiken 2 by enzymatic wall-down method. The results showed that the chromosome karyotype formula of Wenchang 193 was 2n = 36 = 30m + 6sm, the relative length of which was 2n = 36 = 8S + 8M1 + 16M2 + 4L and the nuclear asymmetry coefficient was 61.22% = 36 = 32m (2sat) + 4sm, and the relative length of 2n = 36 = 6S + 12M1 + 14M2 + 4L and the nuclear asymmetry coefficient of 59.76%. The karyotype formula 2n = 36 = 32m (2sat) + 4sm, the relative length is 2n = 36 = 6S + 10M1 + 16M2 + 4L, the nuclear asymmetry coefficient is 58.61%, and the three karyotypes are all 2B type, belonging to the chromosome group with higher symmetry. This study can provide the basis of cytology for rubber tree breeding, germplasm identification and gene mapping.