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目的通过对新疆某企业机车检修车间工作场所职业危害因素的现场监测、对作业人员的个人防护以及该企业在职业病防治方面的管理进行了综合评价,为该企业制定职业病的预防控制措施提供科学依据。方法采用卫生学调查、工作场所职业病危害因素现场监测和职业健康检查进行综合评价。结果该机车检修车间主要存在危害因素有:噪声、手把电焊(有焊尘、二氧化锰)、油漆(有苯及苯系物)、稀释剂、汽油和润滑油;本次噪声测定65个点数,合格60个点数,合格率92.0%;焊尘测定30个点数,合格28个点数,合格率93.3%;二氧化锰测定30个点数,合格28个点数,合格率93.3%;苯及苯系物测定10个点数,合格9个点数,合格率90.0%。结论该企业机车检修车间的职业危害因素的监测结果均符合国家标准所规定的限值,说明该企业在机车检修车间采取的通风、除尘、降噪等预防控制措施可行、有效;但在个人防护用品的配置、使用、管理等方面还需加强,另外还应加强职业危害作业人员的培训,加强职业病防治知识的学习和宣传,从而降低职业病的发生。
Objective To carry out a comprehensive evaluation of the personal protection of workers and the management of occupational diseases in the locomotive maintenance shop in Xinjiang by a workplace monitoring of occupational hazards and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control measures of occupational diseases . Methods The health survey, workplace occupational hazards and occupational health check-ups were conducted to conduct a comprehensive evaluation. Results The main hazards of the locomotive maintenance workshop are: noise, hand welding (with welding dust, manganese dioxide), paint (with benzene and benzene series), thinner, gasoline and lubricants; Points, passing 60 points, with a pass rate of 92.0%; 30 points of welding dust determination, passing 28 points, the pass rate of 93.3%; 30 points of manganese dioxide, passing 28 points, with a pass rate of 93.3%; benzene and benzene Department of material determination of 10 points, qualified 9 points, pass rate of 90.0%. Conclusion The monitoring results of the occupational hazards of the locomotive maintenance workshop meet the limits stipulated by the national standards, indicating that the prevention and control measures such as ventilation, dust removal and noise reduction adopted by the enterprise in the locomotive maintenance workshop are feasible and effective. However, Supplies, configuration, use, management and other aspects need to be strengthened, in addition should also strengthen the training of occupational hazards workers, strengthen knowledge and prevention of occupational disease learning and advocacy, thereby reducing the occurrence of occupational diseases.