若将一小块樟脑放在水面上,它就会不断的跳起舞来。欲制止樟脑的跳舞,只要在水面上展开一层油,而此油层的厚度只要一分子就够了。又如我们都知道若在水池的水面上铺一层油可以杀蚊及阻止水的蒸发,因为油层能降低氧气或水气来往的速度。这些似乎无关的现象经过了许多科学家的研究逐渐发展成表面化学的一个重要部门。不仅使我们对于分子在表面上种种行为的知识大大地丰富了,而且还提供了许多有价值的实际应用。本文介绍的就是关于这方面的成就。我们先谈一下什么叫膜。膜是指展开在表面上的一层物质。所谓的单分子膜或单分子层是指厚度只有一分子的膜。倘若膜有相当的厚度,则它就有二个独 If a small piece of camphor on the water, it will continue to dance. To stop the camphor dancing, as long as a layer of oil on the water, and the thickness of the reservoir as long as a molecule is enough. Again, we all know that if a layer of oil is applied to the surface of a pond to kill mosquitoes and prevent the evaporation of water, the reservoir can reduce the rate of oxygen or water vapor. These seemingly unrelated phenomena gradually evolved into the important department of surface chemistry after the research of many scientists. It not only enriches our knowledge of the superficial behavior of the molecules but also provides many valuable practical applications. This article is about achievements in this area. Let’s talk about what is film. Membrane refers to a layer of material spread on the surface. The so-called monomolecular film or monolayer means a film having only one molecule in thickness. If the film has a considerable thickness, it has two unique