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为探明仿爱夜蛾Apopestes spectrum对莫高窟壁画的损害过程,给壁画病害昆虫的有效防治提供科学依据。本文结合莫高窟洞窟的微气候环境监测,在置于莫高窟第53窟中模拟洞窟中观察了仿爱夜蛾成虫的空间分布特点及其对不同颜料壁画的选择趋性。微气候环境监测结果表明,在8-9月仿爱夜蛾成虫发生高峰期,模拟洞窟内和莫高窟第53窟内的平均温度分别为17.97℃和18.02℃,相对湿度分别为37.04%和37.13%,两者非常接近,说明模拟洞窟可以较好地模拟自然洞窟内的气象环境条件。空间分布观察结果表明,仿爱夜蛾在模拟洞窟内不同方位壁画表面的分布数量差异较大,其中在南壁上部和东壁两侧分布数量最多,而在底部、顶部和西壁上部分布数量最少。不同颜料壁画选择趋性测定结果表明,仿爱夜蛾成虫对不同颜料壁画的选择偏好差异明显,其中在靛蓝、铁红和墨壁画色块上的数量最多,其次为铅丹和石绿色块。Pearson相关性分析显示,壁画颜料明度与其表面仿爱夜蛾的分布数量呈极显著负相关,表明壁画颜料明度是影响仿爱夜蛾成虫对不同颜料趋性的重要因素之一。本研究对于其他石窟寺病害昆虫损坏壁画机理研究具有重要的借鉴意义。
In order to find out the damage process of the Apopestes spectrum to Mogao Grottoes and provide a scientific basis for effective prevention and control of mural diseases insects. Based on the microclimate monitoring of the Mogao Grottoes, this paper investigates the spatial distribution characteristics of adult moths and their selection of different pigment murals in the mock caves placed in Cave 53 of the Mogao Grottoes. The results of microclimate monitoring showed that during the peak period of adult adults, the average temperature in Cave 53 and Mogao Grottoes Cave 53 was 17.97 ℃ and 18.02 ℃ respectively, and the relative humidity was 37.04% and 37.13%. The two are very close, indicating that simulated caves can better simulate the weather conditions in natural caves. The results of spatial distribution showed that there were significant differences in the number of frescos moths at different orientations in the simulated cave murals, of which the distribution was highest on the upper part of the south wall and the two sides of the east wall, while the distribution on the top, least. The results of the selection of different pigment murals showed that there were significant differences in preferences of imitation moths among different murals, among which indigo, iron red and murals had the largest number of appendages, followed by lead and stone green blocks. Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was a significant negative correlation between the lightness of mural pigments and the distribution of moth on the surface of moth, indicating that the mural pigment brightness is one of the important factors that affect the tendency of the adult moths to attract different pigments. This study is of great significance to the study of mural damage mechanism of insect damage in other cave temples.