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目的分析农村地区≤5岁留守儿童生长发育影响因素,为促进留守儿童健康成长提供依据。方法2016年从全国第五次卫生服务调查家庭健康询问调查河北省数据库提取≤5岁农村儿童信息,分析留守儿童(270人)与非留守儿童(752人)身高、体重发育情况;以库中留守儿童中发育异常者为病例组,正常者为对照组,采用病例对照研究分析留守儿童身高、体重发育影响因素。结果河北省农村地区≤5岁留守儿童生长发育迟缓构成比为78.15%,高于非留守儿童的18.88%(X~2=374.90,P=0.000);营养不良构成比(53.33%)高于后者(9.07%)(x~2=262.01,P<0.01)。多因素有序多分类logistic回归分析显示,母亲外出务工(OR=26.05,P=0.006)、体重异常(OR=3.85,P<0.01)是留守儿童身长发育的危险因素;留守儿童家庭年人均纯收入较高可以促进儿童体重的增长(OR=0.46,P=0.004),儿童身长异常是体重正常增长的危险因素(OR=2.60,P<0.01)。结论农村地区≤5岁留守儿童中,母亲外出务工尤其不利于其身长发育,家庭经济状况较好有利于其体重增长,婴幼儿身高与体重质量互相影响。
Objective To analyze the influential factors on the growth and development of left behind children ≤5 years old in rural areas and provide the basis for promoting the healthy growth of left behind children. Methods In 2016, we collected the information of rural children ≤5 years old from the fifth national health service survey of family health inquisition in Hebei Province database and analyzed the height and weight development of left-behind children (270 persons) and non-left-behind children (752 persons) Left-behind children with abnormal development as the case group, normal control group, the case-control study of left-behind children height and weight development factors. Results The proportion of stunting and growth retardation of children with left-behind children ≤5 years was 78.15% in rural areas of Hebei province, which was higher than that of non-left-behind children (X ~ 2 = 374.90, P = 0.000) (9.07%) (x ~ 2 = 262.01, P <0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that migrant workers (OR = 26.05, P = 0.006) and weight loss (OR = 3.85, P <0.01) were risk factors for the growth of left-behind children The higher income can promote the growth of children’s weight (OR = 0.46, P = 0.004). The abnormal height of children is the risk factor of normal weight gain (OR = 2.60, P <0.01). Conclusion Among the left-behind children who are ≤5 years old in rural areas, migrant workers are particularly detrimental to their growth, good family economic status is conducive to their weight gain, infant height and weight quality affect each other.