美国大规模页岩气开发取得了显著成效,能源安全得到有力保障,为经济复苏提供了坚实保障,增加了就业及政府收入,并有助于减少温室气体的排放。美国大规模开发页岩气,除源于能源供应紧张外,还有政府鼓励开发非常规能源以及页岩气开发技术日臻完善。水力压裂技术是页岩气开发的关键技术,但存在水资源被过度使用、地下水及环境被污染及人工诱发地震等潜在风险。美国页岩气持续稳定发展也面临气田产量衰减和公司盈利能力等问题。目前,为缓解天然气紧缺,欧洲也在考虑开发页岩气,但美国页岩油气爆发式发展的成功有许多是美国自身的因素,其他国家要照搬并不可取。 Significant achievements have been made in the development of large-scale shale gas in the United States. Energy security has been effectively protected. This has provided a solid guarantee for economic recovery, increased employment and government revenue, and helped to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Large-scale development of shale gas in the United States, in addition to the tight energy supply, the government encourages the development of unconventional energy resources and shale gas development technologies are improving. Hydraulic fracturing is a key technology in the development of shale gas, but it poses potential risks such as over-utilization of water resources, pollution of groundwater and the environment, artificial induced earthquakes and so on. The steady and steady development of shale gas in the United States is also facing issues such as the declining output of the gas field and the profitability of the company. Currently, in order to ease the shortage of natural gas, Europe is also considering the development of shale gas. However, many of the successes of the shale gas explosion in the United States are factors of the United States itself. It is not desirable for other countries to copy their shale gas.