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先秦时期,人们对于社会历史发展已有了一些看法。大家所熟知的是《韩非子·五蠹》中的一段话,他说: “上古之世,人民少而禽兽众,人民不胜禽兽虫蛇。有圣人作,构本为巢,以避群害、而民悦之,使王天下,是之曰有巢氏。民食果蓏蜯蛤,腥臊恶臭,而伤害腹胃,民多疾病。有圣人作,钻燧取火,以化腥臊、而民悦之,使王天下,号之曰燧人氏。“中古之世,天下大水而鲧禹决渎。“近古之世,桀纣暴乱而汤武征伐。”韩非是以历史进化的观点来看待历史发展进程的,他在这面所说的“上古之世”,是指原始社会而言,“中古之世”,是原始社会到文明社会的过渡阶段,“近古之世”是已进入文明社会的阶段。但对于社会结构的本身,还未说到。在韩非以前,孟子也说到社会发展历史状况。《孟子·滕文公上》记孟子的话说: “当尧之时,天下犹未平,洪水横流泛滥于天下。草木畅茂,禽兽繁殖,五谷不登,
Before the Qin Dynasty, people had some views on the development of social history. Everyone is familiar with the passage in “Han Feizi · Five Beetles,” and he said: “In ancient times, there were fewer people and fewer beasts and animals, The people of Yue, so that the king of the world, is said to have nest. People eat fruit clams clams, fishy stench, which hurt the stomach, people and more diseases. A saint for, drilling Sui to take fire, , So that the king of the world, the number said Suiren’s. ”The ancient world, the world water and Yu Yu decided to ditch. “In ancient times, the riot and Tangwu expedition.” Han Fei view of historical evolution from the perspective of historical development process, he said in this context, “the ancient world,” refers to the primitive society, the “Middle Ancient The world ”is the transitional phase of primitive society to civilized society.“ Near ancient times ”is the stage of entering civilized society. But not for the social structure itself. Before Han Fei, Mencius talked about the history of social development. “Mencius Teng Wen Gong Shang” In the words of Mencius: "When Yao, the world is still flat, the flood cross-current flooding in the world .Magicum Changmao, animal breeding, grain not board,