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基于遥感土地利用数据和全球潜在植被数据,确定了中国西南地区土地垦殖前森林植被可能的分布范围,并通过量化地形(海拔、坡度)和气候生产潜力(光照、温度、水分)与农林地分布间的关系,构建了土地宜垦性评估模型和历史森林面积网格化分配模型,重建了清代西南地区5个时点、分辨率为10 km×10 km的森林空间格局。结果表明:①本文设计的森林空间格局网格化重建方法具有一定的可行性,其结果能较好地反映森林变迁历史过程的基本特征;②西南地区森林覆被率从雍正二年(1724年)的54.7%下降至宣统三年(1911年)的27.8%,其减少地区主要分布在四川盆地、云南中南部以及贵州大部;③从网格占比的变化趋势看,1724-1911年,西南地区森林覆被率小于10%的网格占比上升了约31个百分点,而覆被率大于80%的网格占比则下降了约13个百分点。
Based on remote sensing land use data and global potential vegetation data, the possible distribution of forest land before land reclamation in southwestern China was determined. Based on the quantitative topography (elevation, slope) and potential climate productivity (light, temperature, moisture) The land reclamation evaluation model and historical forest area gridding distribution model were constructed. The forest spatial pattern with the resolution of 10 km × 10 km was reconstructed at five time points in the southwest of Qing Dynasty. The results show that: (1) The gridding reconstruction method of the forest spatial pattern designed in this paper is feasible, and the results can well reflect the basic characteristics of the historical process of the forest vicissitude; (2) The forest cover rate in the southwest region increases from Yongzheng two years ) Decreased from 54.7% of the total area of Xuantong to 27.8% in the third year of Xuantong (1911), and the decrease was mainly distributed in the Sichuan Basin, central-southern Yunnan and most of Guizhou. (3) From the trend of the proportion of grids, from 1724 to 1911, The proportion of grids with forest cover of less than 10% in Southwest China increased by about 31 percentage points, while that of grids with a coverage of more than 80% decreased by about 13 percentage points.