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目的 通过锥形束CT研究正畸联合下颌升支矢状劈开截骨术治疗骨性Ⅲ类错(牙合)畸形对上气道的短期及长期影响,以期为临床提供参考.方法 选取2010年8月至2012年5月于河北省眼科医院口腔正畸科和口腔颌面外科就诊的骨性Ⅲ类错(牙合)患者28例(男性13例,女性15例),采用正畸联合下颌升支矢状劈开截骨术治疗.治疗前1周、术后6个月及术后3年拍摄锥形束CT,三维重建上气道,对治疗前后上气道各段矢状径、冠状径、截面积和容积进行定量分析.结果 术后6个月口咽段容积[(9 021±4 263) mm3]、舌咽段容积[(9 236±5 963) mm3]及总容积[(28 619±9 854) mm3]均显著小于治疗前[分别为(11 365±4 523)、(12 853±5 436)、(34044±10 352) mm3](P＜0.05).术后3年除第一颈椎平面处矢状径[(15.9±3.5)mm]和截面积[(996±398) mm2]恢复至治疗前水平外(P＞0.05),其余部位与术后6个月相比均有所增加,但未恢复到治疗前.结论 正畸联合下颌升支矢状劈开截骨术治疗骨性Ⅲ类错(牙合)可造成上气道缩窄,随时间推移可有一定程度的恢复,但不能完全恢复至治疗前水平.“,”Objective To evaluate the short-term and long-term effects of pharyngeal airway in mandibular prognathism patients after the combined orthodontic and orthognathic treatment.Methods The sample included 28 skeletal Class Ⅲ patients (13 males,15 females) who had undergone mandibular setback surgery and orthodontic treatment.Cone-beam CT was taken one week before treatment (T0),6 months (T1) and 3 years after surgery (T2).Raw data were reconstructed into three-dimensional model.Sagittal and transversal measurements,cross sectional areas,partial and total volumes were computed.Results Six months after surgery,oropharyngeal volume [(9 021±4 263) mm3],hypopharyngeal volume [(9 236±5 963) mm3] and total volume [(28 619±9 854) mm3] decreased significantly (P＜0.05).Three years after surgery,only sagittal diameters [(15.9±3.5) mm] and cross sectional areas [(996±398) mm2] in the first cervical vertebra plane came back to the original levels (P＞0.05).Conclusions The pharyngeal airway space decreased after orthodontic-orthognathic therapy in the short term and it increased in some areas in the long term.