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为了解工具杆端面形状对超声铸造过程的影响,根据超声波在固/液界面的折、反射原理,设计出平面、球面、锥面3种不同端面形状的超声波工具杆。对3种工具杆分别进行水模拟试验和7050铝合金铸造试验,通过水模拟试验发现平端面的工具杆空化和声流作用强度最高,空化作用最为集中,声波辐射范围最小;球端面工具杆空化和声流作用范围和强度都比较大,空化作用范围较集中;圆锥端面工具杆的空化和声流作用强度最低,声波辐射范围最大,声波强度衰减最快。通过7050铝合金铸造试验,发现平端面工具杆铸件的金相组织细化效果最好,其次为球端面,圆锥端面最差。
In order to understand the influence of end face shape of tool on ultrasonic casting process, three kinds of ultrasonic tool bars with different end faces of plane, sphere and cone were designed according to the principle of ultrasonic wave in the solid / liquid interface. Water simulation test and 7050 aluminum alloy casting test were carried out on the three kinds of tool bar respectively. It was found through water simulation test that the flat end tool bar had the highest intensity of cavitation and acoustic flow, the cavitation was the most concentrated and the range of acoustic radiation was the smallest. Cavitation and sound flow of the role of the scope and intensity are relatively large, the scope of the role of more concentrated cavitation; cone end tool bar cavitation and acoustic intensity of the lowest, the largest range of acoustic radiation, the fastest attenuation of sound intensity. Through the 7050 aluminum alloy casting test, it is found that the flat end tool castings have the best microstructure refinement effect, followed by the ball end face, the worst conical end face.