The heat capacity of ionic liquids is an important physical property, and experimental measuring is usually used as a common method to obtain them. Owing to the huge number of ionic liquids that can be poten-tially synthesized, it is desirable to acquire theoretical predictions. In this work, the Conductor-like Screening Model for Real Solvents (COSMO-RS) was used to predict the heat capacity of pure ionic liquids, and an intensive literature survey was conducted for providing a database to verify the prediction of COSMO-RS. The survey shows that the heat capacity is available for 117 ionic liquids at temperatures rang-ing 77.66–520 K since 2004, and the 4025 data points in total with the values from 76.37 to 1484 J·mol-1·K-1 have been reported. The prediction of heat capacity with COSMO-RS can only be con-ducted at two temperatures (298 and 323 K). The comparison with the experimental data proves the pre-diction reliability of COSMO-RS, and the average relative deviation (ARD) is 8.54％. Based on the predictions at two temperatures, a linear equation was obtained for each ionic liquid, and the heat capacities at other temperatures were then estimated via interpolation and extrapolation. The acquired heat capacities at other temperatures were then compared with the experimental data, and the ARD is only 9.50％. This evi-dences that the heat capacity of a pure ionic liquid follows a linear equation within the temperature range of study, and COSMO-RS can be used to predict the heat capacity of ionic liquids reliably.