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茶芽枯病是浙江省茶树土的一种重要病害。为害春茶幼嫩芽叶,可使春茶减产约30%,而且品质下降。病原是一种叶点霉属真菌新种,学名为 Phyllostictagemmiphilae Chen et Hu sp.nov.。菌丝生长和器孢子萌芽的适温在20—27℃,8—10℃时能缓慢生长,29℃时生长受抑制。器孢子萌芽最适 pH 为5.40—6.80。在2%茶汤中器孢子萌芽率最高。病菌对氮源的利用力高,以丙氨酸和谷氨酸最适宜。碳源以果糖、棉子糖、蔗糖为最适宜。病菌以菌丝体或分生孢子器在树上老病叶或越冬芽叶中越冬,器孢子借雨露进行传播,潜育期2—3天。全年仅春茶期发病。3月底开始发病,4月中—5月中为发病盛期,6月中旬以后最高气温达29℃时,停止发病。茶树品种间存在抗病性差异。使用50%多菌灵1000倍(100—150克/亩)或70%甲基托布津1500倍(66—100克/亩)液在春茶萌芽期、发病初期各喷洒1次,并结合分批多次采茶的综防措施,可以有效地控制病害的发展,而且经济效益明显。
Tea bud blight is an important disease of tea tree soil in Zhejiang Province. Harm of young tea buds leaves, spring tea can reduce production by about 30%, and the quality decline. The pathogen is a new species of Phyllostomycetes fungi, named Phyllostictagemmiphilae Chen et Hu sp. Nov. The suitable temperature for mycelial growth and conidial sprouting can grow slowly at 20-27 ℃ and 8-10 ℃, while the growth at 29 ℃ is inhibited. Spore sprouting optimum pH 5.40-6.80. Spore germination rate was the highest in 2% tea. Bacteria on the utilization of nitrogen high, alanine and glutamic acid most suitable. Carbon sources to fructose, raffinose, sucrose as the most appropriate. Pathogens to mycelium or conidia in the old leaves of trees or overwintering buds wintering, spores by rain to spread, the incubation period of 2-3 days. In the whole year only the onset of the tea period. The onset of the disease started at the end of March, mid-April to mid-April was the peak incidence, and after mid-June the maximum temperature reached 29 ° C, the onset of disease stopped. There are differences in resistance between tea varieties. Use 50% carbendazim 1000 times (100-150 g / acre) or 70% thiophanate-methyl 1500 times (66-100 g / acre) in the spring of tea germination, the early onset of each spray 1, and combined with points The batch of comprehensive measures for picking tea can effectively control the development of the disease and has obvious economic benefits.