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劳动内含量是马克思主义经济学中的一个重要范畴,长期以来却一直被看作是决定社会必要劳动时间的外生变量之一。实际上,劳动内含量作为独立变量具有其自身内在的特性和变化规律,它与劳动时间之间存在反向的变动关系。劳动内含量和劳动时间一起在不同维度及同一层面上决定着商品价值量的大小,从而使劳动生产率与商品价值量成反比规律得到新的解读。同时,劳动内含量的变化也影响着剩余价值的形成与分配。本文试图对劳动内含量的变动规律及其对价值创造和剩余价值形成与分配的影响建立起一般分析框架。
The content of labor is an important category in Marxist economics and has long been regarded as one of the exogenous variables that determine the necessary labor time in society. In fact, the content of labor as an independent variable has its own inherent characteristics and changes in law, with the labor time there is a reverse relationship between changes. The content of labor and the working time together determine the magnitude of the value of the goods in different dimensions and at the same level, so that the law of labor productivity in inverse proportion to the value of the goods gets a new interpretation. At the same time, changes in the content of labor also affect the formation and distribution of surplus value. This paper attempts to establish a general framework for the analysis of the changes in the content of labor and its impact on value creation and the formation and distribution of surplus value.