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普罗米修斯在马克思那里意味着古希腊以来的一种思想传统,我们可以在他对无产阶级的考察中发现这个传统的现代后裔。普罗米修斯被恶鹰所啄食的肝脏既象征着生命也象征着预见,而更为重要的是,肝脏与身体以及欲求的关联透露了人类历史的基础。我们在这个基础上看到了马克思对于无产阶级的刻画。由于那只恶鹰,肝脏越是生长就越是失去自身;同样地,由于资产阶级,无产阶级越是劳动就越是失去自身。这种失去也就是贫乏,当无产阶级在这种贫乏中被激怒时,它就获得了它作为解放者和反讽者的资质,而这也正是普罗米修斯的资质。
Prometheus means to Marx a tradition of thought since ancient Greece, and we can find the modern descendant of this tradition in his examination of the proletariat. The liver Prometheus pecked at by eagles not only symbolizes life but also predicts. More importantly, the link between the liver and the body and the desire reveals the basis of human history. On this basis, we have seen Marx’s portrayal of the proletariat. Because of the evil eagle, the more the liver grows, the more it loses itself. Likewise, as the bourgeoisie and the proletariat work more, they lose themselves. This loss is also poor, and when the proletariat is enraged in such poverty, it gains its qualification as a liberator and irony, and that is exactly the same as Prometheus.