《牛虻》是世界文学史上最受欢迎的长篇小说之一。其作者是英国的女作家埃·丽·伏尼契,而她的真正姓名是埃塞尔·丽莲·布利。1864年,她生于爱尔兰的科克城,父亲乔治·布利是一位著名学者、数学教授。十九世纪八十年代,丽莲毕业于柏林音乐学院以后,与侨居伦敦的俄国政治流亡者斯捷普尼亚克一克拉弗钦斯基一家结为朋友。后者是俄国著名的民粹派作家,著有《地下活动的俄罗斯》、《安德烈·科茹霍夫》等。与这样颇有风趣、极有才能的作家、热情的革命者和热爱俄罗斯及乌克兰文学的人结识,给未来的女作家的生活留 Gadfly is one of the most popular novels in the history of world literature. The author is the British writer 埃丽丽 · Voynich, and her real name is Ethereal Lilian Bligh. She was born in Cork, Ireland, in 1864 and her father, George Bree, was a famous scholar and math professor. After graduating from the Berlin Conservatory of Music in the 1880s, Lilian became friends with the family of Stephanek-Krafchinsky, a Russian political exile in London. The latter is a famous Russian Narodnik writer, author of “Underground Activities in Russia”, “Andrei Khrhuofu” and so on. Get acquainted with such witty, highly talented writers, passionate revolutionaries and people who love Russian and Ukrainian literature, leaving the life of a future woman writer